Scientific DataA century-scale dataset of hydropower stations in mainland China (1909–2025)Xinyue WangGuofeng ZhuRui LiJiangwei YangZhijie ZhengWenMin LiYani GunZiwen LiuYaxin LiDongfei Yang2026-08-14Full textDOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-08093-3