A closed-loop bioelectronic patch for intelligent blood pressure management
- Yuyan Zou
- Zeguo Chen
- Bowen Jin
- Linghui Lyu
- Yongting Xie
- Yuqing Li
- Ke Zeng
- Siqi Yan
- Zhongshi Wu
- Wansong Chen
- You-Nian Liu
- Yanli Zhao
2025-08-06
Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality due to passive and delayed drug interventions. This study introduces an intelligent blood pressure management system (BPMS) for real-time monitoring and adaptive intervention through a closed-loop framework integrating sensors, control circuits, and microneedle electrodes. A hierarchical microneedle architecture, featuring gold nanoparticle (Au NP) electrocatalysts and copper-nitrogen–doped carbon nanoribbon (Cu-NC NB) nanozymes, selectively catalyzes the in situ generation of nitric oxide (NO) for vasodilation. To enhance NO delivery, an electroosmotic flow (EOF) mechanism extends the diffusion range up to 4 millimeters through a porous microneedle (PMN) array, enabling effective vascular penetration. In vivo studies in rabbits and pigs confirm that BPMS dynamically regulates NO release in response to fluctuating blood pressure, achieving real-time hemodynamic control. This work pioneers a closed-loop strategy for continuous blood pressure monitoring and on-demand vasodilation, offering a transformative approach to the intelligent management of cardiovascular diseases.