Drop-printing with dynamic stress release for conformal wrap of bioelectronic interfaces
- An Li
- Wenjianlong Zhou
- Huizeng Li
- Wei Fang
- Yifei Luo
- Zheng Li
- Qingrong Zhang
- Quan Liu
- Qin Xu
- Luanluan Xue
- Kaixuan Li
- Renxuan Yuan
- Wanling Liu
- Wang Jia
- Xiaodong Chen
- Yanlin Song
2025-09-11
Bioelectronic interfaces demonstrate promising applications in health monitoring, medical treatment, and augmented reality. However, conformally wrapping these film devices onto three-dimensional surfaces often leads to stress-induced damage. We propose a “drop-printing” strategy that enables damage-free film transfer using a droplet. The droplet acts as a lubricating layer between the film and the target surface, facilitating local sliding during shape-adaptive deformation. This mechanism prevents in-plane film stretching and reduces stress concentration. Even nonstretchable and fragile films can be intactly and accurately wrapped onto delicate surfaces, such as microscale microorganisms and optical fibers. Two-micrometer-thick silicon films, without any stretchable engineering, can form conformal neural-electronic interfaces by being drop-printed on nerves and brain tissue. The interfaces achieve light-controlled in vivo neuromodulation with high spatiotemporal resolution.