Dual tumour–myeloid targeting of glioblastoma with GPNMB CAR-T cells
- Neil Savage
- Shan Grewal
- Muhammad Vaseem Shaikh
- Franz J. Zemp
- Dillon Mckenna
- Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Hinda Najem
- Joanna Pyczek
- Jiuran Wei
- Mohamed A. B. Taleb
- Lucas C. Asselstine
- Alisha Anand
- Shawn C. Chafe
- Kui Zhai
- William T. Maich
- Chirayu R. Chokshi
- Hardikkumar Patel
- Tiegan E. Korman
- Minomi Subapanditha
- Zoya Tabunshchyk
- Nazanin Tatari
- Petar Miletic
- David Chen
- Sebastian Pacheco
- Abdelsimar T. Omar
- Bill Wang
- Hong Han
- Jennifer A. Chan
- Kevin R. Brown
- Chitra Venugopal
- Thomas Kislinger
- Amy B. Heimberger
- Jason Moffat
- Douglas J. Mahoney
- Sheila K. Singh
2026-07-01
Glioblastoma is a lethal brain tumour for which current multimodal treatment rarely prevents recurrence 1 . Therapeutic failure is driven by extensive intratumoural cellular heterogeneity 2 with a microenvironment dominated by tumour-associated macrophages that sustain tumour growth and immunosuppression 3 . Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are being developed for glioblastoma, sustained response has been undermined by non-uniform antigen expression, antigen loss and microenvironmental barriers that are not directly engaged by tumour-targeting designs 4 . These limitations motivate new strategies that address the disease as a coupled tumour–immune system rather than a single malignant compartment. Here we use a multi-omic target discovery platform to identify GPNMB as a dual-compartment antigen in glioblastoma. Anti-GPNMB CAR-T cells showed potent anti-tumour activity, with long-term disease control in orthotopic patient-derived xenografts and syngeneic glioma models through concomitant depletion of GPNMB + tumour and immunosuppressive myeloid populations. By collapsing tumour control and microenvironmental reprogramming, these findings provide a new strategy for antigen selection and targeting in heterogenous, myeloid-rich solid cancers.