Evidence that extra copies of chromosome 1q play a role in the early phases of pancreatic neoplasia
- Christopher Douville
- Jeeun Parksong
- Marco Dal Molin
- Sarah Graham
- Patricia T. Greipp
- Ryan Knudson
- Samuel Curtis
- Yuxuan Wang
- Lisa Dobbyn
- Maria Popoli
- Janine Ptak
- Natalie Silliman
- Katharine Romans
- Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Alvin P. Makoohon-Moore
- Anne Marie Lennon
- Michael Goggins
- Ralph H. Hruban
- Ashley Kiemen
- Chetan Bettegowda
- Kenneth W. Kinzler
- Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Laura D. Wood
- Bert Vogelstein
2026-02-20
We searched for oncogenes activated by copy number increases using whole-genome sequencing data of 535 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). We found that gains of 1q were the second most common gain, occurring in 213 (39.8%) of PDACs. Single-cell analysis via fluorescence in situ hybridization on 33 cancers confirmed these results. A portion of 1q, rather than the entire 1q arm, was gained in 75 (14.0%) PDACs, allowing us to pinpoint two ~3-megabase regions of 1q that were nearly always gained. These two regions contained NCSTN and PSEN2 , genes that code two subunits of the γ-secretase complex. Evaluation of 267 precancerous lesions revealed that extra copies of NCSTN and PSEN2 were common (49%) in noninvasive neoplasms (high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms), which are at relatively high risk for progression to PDACs, but uncommon (6%) in low-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, which have low malignant potential. We hypothesize that γ-secretase genes are genetically activated oncogenes in the early phases of pancreatic neoplasia.