Nature Communications

Ligand-mediated suppression of Ostwald ripening enables low-temperature sol-gel ZnO for efficient inverted flexible organic photovoltaics

• Jiaqiang Zhang
• Chi Xu
• Yongqi Bai
• Ran Su
• Jiahan Xie
• Quan Liu
• Ziyi Ge

2026-06-23

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DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74198-3