Local avalanche photodetectors driven by lightning-rod effect and surface plasmon excitations
- Zhao Fu
- Jia Liu
- Meng Yuan
- Jiafa Cai
- Rongdun Hong
- Xiaping Chen
- Dingqu Lin
- Shaoxiong Wu
- Yuning Zhang
- Zhengyun Wu
- Zhanwei Shen
- Zhijie Wang
- Jicheng Wang
- Mingkun Zhang
- Zhilin Yang
- Deyi Fu
- Feng Zhang
- Rong Zhang
2025-12-03
Sensitive avalanche photodetectors (APDs) that operate within the ultraviolet spectrum are critically required for applications in detecting fire and deep-space exploration. However, the development of such devices faces significant challenges, including high avalanche breakdown voltage, the necessity for complex quenching circuits, and thermal runaway associated with Geiger-mode avalanche operation. To mitigate these issues, we report on a 4H-SiC APD design utilizing micro-holes (MHs) structures and Al nano-triangles (NTs) to enhance surface electric field driven by strong localized surface plasmon excitations and lightning-rod effect. The device demonstrates a low avalanche breakdown voltage of approximately 14.5 V, a high detectivity of 2 × 10 13 Jones, a nanosecond-level response time, and repeated stable detections without the requirement of a quenching circuit. Collectively, when compared with the conventional wide-bandgap-based APDs, this device achieves a reduction in avalanche breakdown voltage by an order of magnitude. Consequently, the proposed APD configuration presents a promising candidate for ultraviolet detection and integrated optoelectronic circuits.