npj Urban Sustainability

Mapping urban CO2 emission spatiotemporal dynamics in Europe via a nighttime light composite index

• Wei Guo
• Xiaoling Wei
• Ximin Cui
• Xuesheng Zhao
• Jinke Liu
• Xueqian Gao
• Mengjun Chao
• Valerie Graw
• Andreas Rienow

2026-06-26

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DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-026-00437-7