Observation of the Einstein–de Haas effect in a Bose–Einstein condensate
2026-01-22
The Einstein–de Haas effect is a phenomenon in which angular momentum is transferred from microscopic spins to mechanical rotation of a macroscopic rigid body. We report an observation of the Einstein–de Haas effect in a spinor-dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate, in which the intrinsic magnetic dipole-dipole interaction mediates coherent transfer of angular momentum from atomic spins to collective circulation of a quantum fluid. The depolarized spinor components displayed ring-shaped density distributions that were confirmed as quantized vortices through matter-wave interferometry, revealing a coherent conversion between spin and orbital angular momentum. This observation opens a pathway to exploring ground-state phases with broken chiral symmetry, spin textures, and mass circulation, as well as the Barnett effect in dipolar quantum gases.