Onset of millennial climate variability with the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation
- David A. Hodell
- Fátima Abrantes
- Carlos A. Alvarez Zarikian
- Timothy D. Herbert
- Mengyao Du
- Simon J. Crowhurst
- Maryline Mleneck-Vautravers
- James E. Rolfe
- Xi Chen
- Hannah L. Brooks
- William B. Clark
- Louise F. B. Dauchy-Tric
- Viviane dos Santos Rocha
- José-Abel Flores
- Sophia K. V. Hines
- Huai-Hsuan May Huang
- Hisashi Ikeda
- Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr
- Junichiro Kuroda
- Jasmin M. Link
- Jerry F. McManus
- Bryce A. Mitsunaga
- Lucien Nana Yobo
- Celeste T. Pallone
- Xiaolei Pang
- Marion Y. Péral
- Emília Salgueiro
- Saray Sanchez
- Komal Verma
- Jiawang Wu
- Chuang Xuan
- Jimin Yu
- Lauren A. Haygood
- Diederik Liebrand
- Vitor Magalhães
- Montserrat Alonso-Garcia
- Mónica Duque-Castaño
- Fernanda Ferreira
- Mafalda Freitas
- Lívia Gebara Cordeiro
- Isabelle Gil
- María González-Martín
- Ana Lopes
- Cristina Lopes
- Vasiliki Margari
- Laura Martín-García
- Lélia Matos
- Aline Mega
- Giulia Molina
- Filipa Naughton
2026-02-19
The Quaternary Period (the past 2.58 million years) was characterized by the waxing and waning of large ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. Using sediment sequences from the Iberian Margin, we have demonstrated that expansion of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets around 2.7 million years ago was accompanied by the emergence of millennial climate variability (MCV) during glacial periods. The onset of MCV at ~2.7 million years ago was heralded by isolated precursor events, followed by multiple millennial climate oscillations at ~2.5 million years ago. These events coincided with deposition of ice-rafted detritus in the North Atlantic, suggesting a role for marine-terminating ice sheets. Once established, MCV became an intrinsic feature of glacial climates of the Quaternary. Our findings underscore the profound impact Northern Hemisphere glaciation had on climate variability across multiple timescales.