Perceptions, Profiles, and Regulatory Challenges Regarding Hate Speech in Youth Gaming Culture in Spain
2025-07-29
Introduction Massively multiplayer online (MMO) video games have emerged as significant platforms for social interaction among youth and in environments conducive to hate speech. This study examines the perceptions, profiles, and factors associated with hate speech in MMO among young Spanish individuals and the regulatory and social challenges they present. Method An online survey was conducted between October and November 2023, including 1436 young people aged 16–29 years who participated in the MMO. Results Over 60% of the participants perceived a low or moderate prevalence of hate speech in MMO, acknowledging its impact on vulnerable groups based on race, religion, sexual orientation, and ideology. A widespread perception of impunity was also observed in these digital environments, which facilitated the normalization of hate speech. Conclusions Findings underscore the need for more effective and collaborative public policies to regulate MMO, enhance media literacy, and facilitate prosocial interactions among adolescents and young adults.