Demography

Proving Their Loyalty: A Research Note on the Effects of Serving in World War II on Immigrant Outcomes

2026-08-04

Highlights This study assesses the effects of World War II military service on outcomes for immigrant veterans. Linked, full-count U.S. Census data are used in a triple-differences design. Immigrant veterans are more likely to become citizens and marry U.S.-born spouses. There is little evidence of differences in labor market or educational outcomes relative to U.S.-born veterans.

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DOI https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-12768052