Nature Human Behaviour

Representativeness and response validity across nine opt-in online samples

• Michael N. Stagnaro
• James N. Druckman
• Adam J. Berinsky
• Antonio A. Arechar
• Robb Willer
• David G. Rand

2026-06-22

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DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02438-z