Annual Review of Economics

Socio-Emotional Skills and the Future of Education

2025-05-20

Over the past two decades, economic research has shown that socio-emotional skills, such as self-esteem, growth mindset, self-control, trust, and cooperation, generate a triple dividend for individuals and society. First, socio-emotional interventions demonstrate that these skills greatly enhance academic achievement and success at school. Second, those skills have a large impact on the professional integration and success of individuals on the job market. Third, they enhance the lifelong well-being of individuals in terms of better health, lower anxiety, lower depression, and reduced crime. There is also suggestive evidence that socio-emotional skills translate into higher economic and social performance at the country level. Given the very high cost-benefit ratio of such interventions, the evidence strongly suggest that redesigning the future of educational systems by integrating socio-emotional skills in the core curriculum of teacher training and in everyday pedagogical methods could be highly beneficial to realize individual potentialities and build resilient economies, societies, and democracies.

Full text

DOI https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-081624-080702