Unveiling genetic signatures of immune response in immune-related diseases through single-cell eQTL analysis across diverse conditions
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Wenchao Li
- Qiuyao Zhan
- Michelle Aillaud
- Javier Botey-Bataller
- Martijn Zoodsma
- Rob ter Horst
- Leo A. B. Joosten
- Christoph Bock
- Leon N. Schulte
- Cheng-Jian Xu
- Mihai G. Netea
- Marc Jan Bonder
- Yang Li
2025-08-04
Deciphering the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying biological processes holds promise for elucidating how genetic variants contribute to immune-related disorders. We map genetic effects on gene expression (expression quantitative trait locus, eQTL) using single-cell transcriptomes of 152 samples from 38 healthy individuals, covering baseline state and lipopolysaccharide challenge either before or after Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. Interestingly, we uncover a monocyte eQTL linked to the LCP1 , shedding light on inter-individual variations in trained immunity. Furthermore, we elucidate genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks of CD55 and SLFN5 . Of note, our results support the pivotal roles of SLFN5 in COVID-19 pathogenesis by incorporating disease-associated loci, chromatin accessibility, and transcription factor binding affinities, aligning with the established functions of SLFN5 in restricting virus replication during viral infection. Our study provides a paradigm to decipher genetic underpinnings of complex traits by integrating single-cell eQTLs with multi-omics data from patients and public databases.